Example SE model for the study of a general response to a specific perturbation and the role of a specific hypothesised mediator variable. See text for a discussion of notation.

 
  Part of: Grace JB, Steiner M (2021) A protocol for modelling generalised biological responses using latent variables in structural equation models. One Ecosystem 6: e67320. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.6.e67320