Diagrams of: A) a typical giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) thallus, illustrating the major components of the adult sporophyte plant life-stage; B) a typical giant kelp forest community structure, including kelp understorey and associated biodiversity; and C) sequestration routes of kelp forest net primary productivity (NPP) biomass to the deep sea through dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC/POC) pathways – based on