Confidence of ES scores from the literature review. Confidence is determined by agreement and evidence quality of the literature review (see Jacobs et al. (2015)). The levels/colours of confidence indicate the following agreement and evidence quality: Very high/dark green = high agreement (i.e. data corroborate, no or minor disagreements) and robust evidence (i.e. data are supported by scientific argumentation or analysis); High/light green = high agreement and medium evidence (i.e. data are supported by argumentation or analysis) or medium agreement (i.e. disagreement exists but interpretations differ in quality) and robust evidence; Medium/yellow = medium evidence and medium agreement. The scores of ES on podzolic soils were only based on expert opinions because the literature review did not provide sufficient information. The meaning of the code name of the six ES can be found in Table 1.