Framework for mapping and assessment of ES that links multiple methods and integrates multiple types of information. Direct and indirect measurement can produce data that is used to calculate indicators and/or indices (see below). Direct and indirect measurements can either feed in to methods, including single models and integrated modelling frameworks or to decision-support frameworks (directly or via methods). Subsequently, the integrated information can be used for wider ecosystem assessment processes, which can have different aims, for instance, reporting for policy targets or detecting status and trends of ecosystems.

 
  Part of: Vihervaara P, Viinikka A, Brander L, Santos-Martín F, Poikolainen L, Nedkov S (2019) Methodological interlinkages for mapping ecosystem services – from data to analysis and decision-support. One Ecosystem 4: e26368. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.4.e26368