"short name";"long name";"definition of the ES indicator";"cascade level";"modelling approaches";"CICES 5.1 classes" naturalness;"habitat naturalness";"The ""naturalness"" (incl. biodiversity and resilience) of the habitat. This ecosystem state influences the provision of several ecosystem services within and beyond the ones studied in this project, e.g. pest control, disease control, pollination.";1;"statistical model (a Tier 2 index based on the modelled occurrence probabilities of some taxonomical groups of conservational significance)";- landiv;"landscape diversity";"The habitat diversity of the broader landscape, which contributes to the persistence of several plant and animal species, as well to an aesthetically appealing environment.";1;"statistical model (a Tier 2 landscape index: the diversity of broad habitat types under a moving window)";- fertility;"soil fertility";"Fertility of the soil is a semi-persistent ecosystem state affecting the supply of several ES. In case of agro-ecosystems, it determines the ecosystem's potential contribution to the agricultural yield.";1;"expert scores based on primary data (Soil Map of Romania (Harta Solurilor 1978))";- hay;"natural forage and fodder";"Potential forage supply provided by the ecosystems through mowing or grazing. Cultivated or marketed roughage and grain feed are not included while grazing on fallow land and stubble as well as plants spontaneously occurring on waysides and banks are included in this service.";2;"(1) matrix model (a Tier 1 statistical model based on expert scores and a habitat map)(2) enhanced matrix model (a Tier 2 statistical model with additional expert rules";"1.1.3.1, 1.1.3.2" timber;"wood and timber";"Long-term timber and firewood provisioning potential of the habitat, assessed as a yearly average considering the whole lifecycle of the habitat, not taking effects of climate change into account.";2;"(1) matrix model (a Tier 1 statistical model based on expert scores and a habitat map)(2) enhanced matrix model (a Tier 2 statistical model based on forestry production tables (Tabele de producție (Giurgiu et al. 2004))";"1.1.5.2, 1.1.5.3" berry;"medicinal and edible plants and mushrooms";"Gathered mushrooms, fruits, berries and medicinal herbs provided spontaneously by the habitat. Cultivated plants and mushrooms are not included.";2;"(1) matrix model (a Tier 1 statistical model based on expert scores and a habitat map)(2) enhanced matrix model (a Tier 2 statistical model based on structured exploration of plant habitat preferences)";1.1.5.1 honey;"honey provision and pollination";"Potential of the habitat to supply nectar and pollen for honeybees and so contribute to honey production.";2;"(1) matrix model (a Tier 1 statistical model based on expert scores and a habitat map)(2) enhanced model (a Tier 2 statistical model based on habitat types and slope categories)";1.1.3.1 erosion;"water retention & erosion control";"Contribution of the land cover to slowing down the passage of surface water and thus to the recharge of regional groundwater resources and the mitigation of soil erosion.";2;"(1) matrix model (a Tier 1 statistical model based on expert scores and a habitat map)(2) enhanced model (a Tier 2 statistical model based on habitat types and slope categories)";2.2.1.1 carbon;"carbon sequestration";"Sequestration and storage of atmospheric carbon by the habitat, as contribution to global climate change mitigation.";2-3;"IPCC model (adapting a Tier 1 IPCC national greenhouse gas inventory model to the Niraj-MAES area)";2.2.6.1 tourism;"tourism and local identity";"Contribution of the habitat to the touristic attraction value of the area. Habitats allow recreation and create emotional bond in local people.";2;"(1) matrix model (a Tier 1 statistical model based on expert scores and a habitat map)(2) enhanced model (an ESTIMAP-style Tier 2 statistical model based on the matrix model & additional rules)";"3.1.1.1, 3.1.1.2, 3.1.2.4, 6.1.1.1"